Country Profile: Saint Barthelemy
Saint Barthelemy, also known as St. Barts, is a French overseas collectivity located in the Caribbean, characterized by a tropical climate and hilly terrain surrounded by shallow-water reefs. The island's economy heavily depends on tourism and luxury commerce, while it remains largely import-dependent for food and energy. With a population of around 7,079, the society is a mix of French, Portuguese, and Afro-Caribbean influences, governed under a parliamentary democracy that falls under the jurisdiction of France.
Geography
Saint Barthelemy is situated east of the US Virgin Islands in the Leeward Islands group. The island covers an area of 25 square kilometers, making it less than one-eighth the size of Washington, D.C. Its climate is tropical, with minimal temperature variation throughout the year, featuring distinct dry and humid seasons. The terrain is predominantly hilly, with numerous beaches that contribute to its status as a tourist destination.
- 25 sq km: Total area of the island.
- 286 m: Elevation of the highest point, Morne du Vitet.
- 0 km: Land boundaries, as it is surrounded by water.
- 1,200 hectares: Size of the marine nature reserve protecting coral reefs and marine life.
People and Society
The estimated population of Saint Barthelemy in 2025 is 7,079, with a balanced gender distribution. The island primarily speaks French, with English also used. The population has a median age of 47.7 years, and as of 2025, it shows a slight decline in growth rate. The society is made up of diverse ethnic groups, including French, Portuguese, and Afro-Caribbean communities.
- 13.9%: Percentage of the population aged 0-14 years.
- 81 years: Life expectancy at birth (2024 estimate).
- 9.32 births/1,000: Birth rate (2025 estimate).
- 60.1: Total dependency ratio (2025 estimate).
- 100%: Access to improved drinking water and sanitation facilities.
Economy
Saint Barthelemy boasts a high-income economy driven by tourism and duty-free luxury commerce. The island imports most of its food, water, and energy, and relies on a significant labor force from Brazil and Portugal. Exports include refined copper and jewelry, while imports consist mainly of precious metal watches and cars.
- 57%: Share of exports to Spain (2023).
- 50%: Share of imports from Switzerland (2023).
- 0.925: Euro exchange rate per US dollar (2023 estimate).
Government
The government of Saint Barthelemy operates as a parliamentary democracy within the framework of an overseas collectivity of France. The island has its own Territorial Council, which is indirectly elected, and follows French civil law. The legal system is rooted in the French Constitution, and suffrage is granted to citizens at 18 years of age.
- 19: Seats in the unicameral Territorial Council.
- 2027: Expected date for the next Territorial Council elections.
- 14 July: National holiday, Fête de la Fédération, commemorating the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in France.
Military and Security
Defense responsibilities for Saint Barthelemy are managed by France, ensuring the island's security and safety. As an overseas collectivity, it does not maintain its own military forces.
Energy
Saint Barthelemy achieved 100% electrification for its total population by 2021, reflecting its modern infrastructure capabilities.
Environment
The island faces environmental challenges, including land-based pollution, limited freshwater resources, and overfishing. Its natural resources are scarce, but the tourism-driven economy relies heavily on its pristine beaches and coral reefs.
Transportation
Saint Barthelemy has one airport, serving as the primary point of entry and exit for tourists and locals alike.
Communications
The island has two local TV broadcasters and five FM radio channels. Internet usage is prevalent, with around 71.3% of the population connected as of 2022.
Key Metrics
| Metric | Value | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 7,079 | Estimated for 2025 |
| Area | 25 sq km | |
| Life Expectancy | 81 years | Estimated for 2024 |
| Birth Rate | 9.32 births/1,000 | Estimated for 2025 |
| Total Dependency Ratio | 60.1 | Estimated for 2025 |
| Electricity Access | 100% | As of 2021 |
| Unemployment Rate | Not provided |
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